00100	A SCIENTIFIC APPROACH TO SOCIALISM
00200	
00300	by John McCarthy
00400	
00500	
00600		The argument of this paper proceeds along the following
00700	lines:  Socialism is potentially superior to capitalism for
00800	America for a variety of reasons including (a) it is more
00900	just (b) it permits more efficient use of resources (c) it
01000	corresponds to the desire of more and more people to have
01100	their work contribute directly to the welfare of society rather
01200	than either to personal profit or that of a corporation.
01300	Unfortunately, socialism in other countries has exhibited
01400	serious defects of efficiency and morality and attractiveness.
01500	For the United States to switch to socialism would be rational
01600	objectively and acceptable subjectively to the citizens only
01700	if there was an assurance that the defects of socialism
01800	as seen in other countries could be avoided.  This leads us
01900	to explore again the possibility of a gradual change through
02000	building socialist institutions in the midst of capitalism
02100	and having the change occur simply through increased
02200	participation in the socialist institutions.
02300	
02400		The purpose of this paper is to give a modern approach
02500	to doing it and avoiding the errors of sentimentalism and
02600	sectarianism that have defeated previous attempts.
02700	
02800		We hope to deal with the Marxist and other arguments
02900	against this approach partly in the body of the paper and partly
03000	in a polemical section at the end.
03100	
03200	Outline
03300	
03400	1. Why socialism?
03500	2. Capitalism is not so bad.
03600	3. The defects of socialist countries.
03700	4. The defects of Utopian experiments.
03800	5. The defects of socialist movements in Britain, Sweden, etc.
03900	6. The plan.
04000		a.  Choose the most productive activities.
04100		b. Avoid isolation from the rest of society.
04200		c. Avoid trying to do more than is possible and
04300	sentimental losing ventures.
04400		d. Avoid aging.
04500		e. Keep virtues of free enterprise.
04600		f. Develop  an R and D organization.
04700		g. Learn management from capitalism.
04800		h. Learn from the Soviet Union how motivation twists.
04900		i. Develop a suitable financial structure.
05000		j. Maintain good terms with the rest of society.
05100		k. Allow people to move in and out.
05200		l. Maintain micro-attractiveness.
05300	7. Polemics.
05400		a. anti-Hayek, anti-Republican
05500		b. anti-Marxist
05600		c. anti-ecofreak
05700		d. anti-hippy-anarchist